The Evidence

Proven in papers.

Proven in the field.

Every makemedical simulator is designed from real patient scans by practicing surgeons — then validated through peer-reviewed research at leading academic institutions.

18+
Publications
11
Validated Products
15+
Institutions
Featured Studies

Research that changed how surgeons train

Fetal Vaginal Simulator

Discriminating expert from novice, with 100% accuracy

Researchers at Michigan Medicine used the makemedical Fundamentals of Vaginal Surgery (FVS) to study surgical skill progression. The simulator successfully distinguished novice from expert surgeons with 100% accuracy, a key benchmark for any competency-based training program.

"The FVS successfully discriminated between novice and expert surgeons with 100% accuracy."

Schmidt (2021) ↗ Schmidt (2022) ↗ Schmidt (2020) ↗
Pediatric Airway Simulator

Fellows rate the pediatric airway simulator highly

A three-institution study (n=14) of incoming pediatric otolaryngology fellows found high Likert-scale ratings for anatomical realism and clinical transferability of the makemedical pediatric airway simulator. Fellows agreed the course was a valuable use of their time.

"All learners agreed or strongly agreed that the course was a valuable use of their time and helped teach technical skills."

Painter (2024) ↗ Gauger (2018) ↗ Kovatch (2020) ↗
Cleft Lip Simulator

Residents improve cleft lip repair technique on the simulator

A multi-institutional study showed that residents trained on the makemedical cleft lip simulator produced measurable improvements in technical performance on objective assessment metrics. The studies focused on simulator-based skill acquisition for cleft lip repair.

"Simulator-based training produced measurable improvements in technical performance on objective assessment metrics."

Reighard (2019) ↗ Chang (2020) ↗
Full Bibliography

All published research, by product

Vaginal Surgery

Schmidt PC et al. (2021) Am J Obstet Gynecol. PubMed →
Schmidt PC et al. (2022) OBG Manag. PubMed →
Schmidt PC et al. (2020) Clin Obstet Gynecol. PubMed →

Pediatric Airway

Painter N et al. (2024) ATS Scholar. PubMed →
Gauger VT et al. (2018) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. PubMed →
Kovatch KJ et al. (2020) Anesth Analg. PubMed →
Ha JF et al. (2017) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. PubMed →

Cleft Lip

Reighard CL et al. (2019) JAMA Facial Plast Surg. PubMed →
Chang DT et al. (2020) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. PubMed →

Rib Simulator

Berens AM et al. (2016) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. PubMed →

Mandibular Distraction

Reighard CL et al. (2021) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. PubMed →

Laryngeal Cleft

Richardson CM et al. (2022) Laryngoscope. PubMed →

Epistaxis

Gao RW et al. (2022) Laryngoscope. PubMed →

Auricular / Ear

Witsberger CA et al. (2022) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. PubMed →
Research conducted at University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, and collaborating institutions. Peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed. Additional research ongoing.